Original Articles Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Bioscience Insights Published 2026-10-02

PREVALENCE OF MALE INFERTILITY AND SEMEN ABNORMALITIES IN GILGIT, PAKISTAN

Authors

  • Azhar Hussain Department of Animal Sciences, Karakorum International University, Gilgit Pakistan Author
  • Dr. Sajida Asghar Department of Animal Sciences, Karakorum International University, Gilgit Pakistan Author
  • Dr. Sameena Mumtaz Department of Animal Sciences, Karakorum International University, Gilgit Pakistan Author
  • Nadia Department of Animal Sciences, Karakorum International University, Gilgit Pakistan Author
  • Maria Mahmood Department of Animal Sciences, Karakorum International University, Gilgit Pakistan Author
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Abstract

The aim of current study was to investigate the prevalence of male infertility and semen abnormalities in Gilgit, Pakistan, through the identification of common semen abnormalities. The study was conducted from November 2024 to May 2025 at Family Health Hospital, Aga Khan Hospital, PHQ hospital and City Hospital, Gilgit. A total of 114 semen samples were collected and analyzed according to the World Health Organization 2021 guidelines. Semen parameters included sperm count, motility, morphology, vitality, pH, and presence of white blood cells. Most common abnormality was Oligospermia, identified in 14.04% of cases, followed by Leukospermia (8.77%), Necrozoospermia (7.02%), Azoospermia (4.39%), and Asthenospermia (3.51%). These abnormalities suggest an appreciable burden of male infertility in this region. The results highlighted the importance of early diagnosis, regular semen analysis, and improve reproductive health services. Awareness programs and early interventions are recommended to deal with male infertility in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.    

Keywords

  • Male infertility, Semen analysis, Oligospermia, Azoospermia, Asthenospermia, Leukospermia, Semen abnormalities.

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