Original Articles Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Bioscience Insights Published 2026-10-23

SERUM VITAMIN D LEVELS AND GLYCEMIC MARKERS AMONG ADULTS WITH PREDIABETES

Authors

  • Ayesha Afaq M.Phil in Food and Nutrition, Lecturer (BPS-17), Higher Education Department, Govt. APWA Graduate College (W),Lahore, Pakistan Pakistan Author
  • Valeed Bin Mansoor MBBS, FCPS, MRCPS (GLASGOW), Assistant Professor, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan Pakistan Author
  • Dr. Mohammad Yousuf Dar MBB, DA, MCPS, MS, Anesthesiology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan Pakistan Author
  • Dr Urooj Akhtar MBBS, FCPS I Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan Pakistan Author
  • Dr Noor Ul Nisa MBBS, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Pakistan Author
  • Syed Bilal Haider MBBS Final Year, Shihezi University, School of Medicine, China Pakistan Author
  • Sadia Zahid PhD, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan Pakistan Author
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Abstract

Background: Prediabetes is an early warning stage before type 2 diabetes mellitus. At this stage, blood glucose is raised but still not in the diabetic range. Vitamin D deficiency is also common in Pakistan, even in urban populations with good sunlight exposure. Recent evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D may be linked with poor glucose regulation, but local data among adults with prediabetes are still limited.

Objective: This study aims to assess whether serum vitamin D levels are associated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c among adults with prediabetes. It will explore vitamin D deficiency as a possible modifiable factor in early metabolic dysfunction. The findings may contribute to preventive nutrition research.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 180 adults with prediabetes in Islamabad. Adults aged 25–60 years were included. Prediabetes was defined by fasting blood glucose of 100–125 mg/dL and/or HbA1c of 5.7–6.4%. Data were collected through a structured proforma. Anthropometric measurements were recorded, and venous blood samples were taken after overnight fasting. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c were analyzed. Vitamin D status was categorized as deficient, insufficient, or sufficient. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The mean age of participants was 42.6 ± 9.4 years. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 104 participants, while 48 had insufficient and 28 had sufficient vitamin D levels. Participants with vitamin D deficiency had higher mean fasting blood glucose and HbA1c compared with those having sufficient vitamin D levels. Serum vitamin D showed a significant negative correlation with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c.

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was common among adults with prediabetes in Islamabad. Lower serum vitamin D levels were associated with higher fasting blood glucose and HbA1c. These findings suggest that vitamin D status may be an important supportive marker in early metabolic dysfunction. Further follow-up studies are needed to confirm its role in diabetes Prevention.

Keywords

  • Vitamin D, Prediabetes, Fasting Blood Glucose, HbA1c, Glycemic Markers, Islamabad, Pakistan.

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