MAGNETICALLY FUNCTIONALIZED NiFe₂O₄‒DECORATED DALBERGIA SISSOO BIOCHAR NANOCOMPOSITE FOR THE EFFICIENT 4‒NITROPHENOL REMEDIATION
Abstract
Sawdust of Dalbergia sissoo was pyrolyzed to biochar (DSBC) and used as a support for nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) to prepare a magnetically separable adsorbent for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The NiFe2O4/DSBC composite had a BET surface area of 148.6 m2/g, a mean crystallite size of 21.4 nm and a saturation magnetization of 8.67 emu/g. Under the selected conditions (pH 5.0, adsorbent dose 1.0 g/L, initial concentration 50 mg/L, 180 min and 298 K), 4-NP removal reached 92.0% (46.0 mg/g). The kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order model (qe,cal = 46.7 mg/g, k2 = 0.0032 g mg−1 min−1, R2 = 0.997), and the equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm, with maximum capacities of 85.0, 92.0 and 99.0 mg/g at 298, 308 and 318 K, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous and endothermic process (ΔH° = 18.5 kJ/mol; ΔS° = 75.0 J mol−1 K−1). After five adsorption–desorption cycles, removal remained at 84.6%, corresponding to 92.0% retention of the first-cycle efficiency. These results show that NiFe2O4/DSBC is a promising, magnetically recoverable adsorbent for nitrophenol-contaminated water.
Keywords
- MAGNETICALLY FUNCTIONALIZED
- NiFe₂O₄‒DECORATED
- DALBERGIA SISSOO BIOCHAR NANOCOMPOSITE
- FOR THE EFFICIENT 4‒NITROPHENOL REMEDIATION
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